Dark patches, sun spots, melasma, and post-inflammatory marks left by acne or irritation.
The plain explanation before anything else. What it actually is, what causes it, and how to recognise it - all in everyday language with cited sources.
Last reviewed today · Independent
A clear, evidence-based starting point. What it actually is, what causes it, and why your particular case might look the way it does.
With cited sources[1] from authorities like NHS, Mayo Clinic, and AAD. Not from clinic blogs.
Topical acids applied to exfoliate the skin's surface, stimulate cell turnover, and improve tone, texture, and pigmentation.
Tiny needles create controlled micro-injuries in the skin to stimulate collagen and improve scars, texture, and fine lines.
A device-based facial that combines exfoliation, extraction, and serum infusion in a single session, with no downtime.
Cynosure
A picosecond-pulse laser used for pigmentation, tattoo removal, and skin-revitalisation indications, delivering energy in trillionths of a second.
InMode
A radiofrequency microneedling device that combines fine needles with controlled RF energy to remodel deeper layers of the skin.
HydraFacial (Bausch + Lomb)
A device-based facial that combines exfoliation, vacuum-assisted extraction, and serum infusion in one session, with no downtime.
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Not medical advice. For learning only - always consult a DHA-licensed clinician.
Last reviewed: 2026-05-08 · Editorial policy